 Summary
The IV Region of Coquimbo presents a process of erosion in near 85 % of its territory, from slight degree to seriously; a similar number of its surface is affected by processes of desertification. This indicates that besides the own susceptibility of the region to suffer processes of degradation, the action of man has helped to worsen enormously its condition, which is traduced in the conjugation of environmental fragility and poverty, generating a vicious circle.
Although the investments in actions, studies and technological developments with national and international contributions tending to recover the environment and interesting projects specially in the productive and tourist areas, still it is not possible to stop the advance of these processes.
The principal productive activities of small land owners and agricultural communities are goat cattle and cultures of dry lands, both realized with inadequate technologies and intensities to the fragility of the soil what influences the productivity and profitability of their productions. The private and governmental investments in cultures, infrastructure and of water supply realized, are also affected by the process of erosion, needing important investments in maintenance.
The evaluations of erosion in Chile and in the region are ancient and have not applied quantitative methodologies standardized, which does not allow to know the real loss of soil and productivity. The technologies of conservation and recovery of soils used, do not base their design on engineering depending on variables of state as rainfall, runoff, water absorption, being today available the technologies that allow this as it is the Hidrologic-forest Restoration and the Oasificación.
There exist two instruments of promotion orientated to the recovery of soils; Law of Promotion to the Afforestation and Law of Foment to the Recovery of Soils, both could improve the efficiency in the assignment of available resources if they possess tools to define the real loss quantitatively of soil, the works of recovery adapted to this particular situation and the profitability of the private investments.
This project proposes as aims, to improve the forest and agricultural productivity of the IVth Region, by the application of technologies of quantitative evaluation of losses of soil, the definition of prior areas of performance, the association to these areas of specific technologies of work of the soil and plantation, with the purpose of improving the assignment of resources of the State. The methodology points to quantify the loss of soils in the different provinces across the generation of Indicators of Erosion and of a Quantitative Model of Prediction of Erosion; The definition of Technical Proposals on the basis of principles and designs of works of Hidrologic-forest Restoration and Oasification; the design of a Methodology of Evaluation of Impact of Public Investments in Recovery of Soils and the definition and cartography of Areas of Performance for the best location of the state resources destined for afforestation and recovery of soils.
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